{"id":1759,"date":"2013-07-27T09:09:21","date_gmt":"2013-07-27T16:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.brianschiff.com\/?p=1759"},"modified":"2013-07-27T09:11:20","modified_gmt":"2013-07-27T16:11:20","slug":"outcomes-for-elite-pitchers-after-shoulder-surgery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.brianschiff.com\/?p=1759","title":{"rendered":"Outcomes for Elite Pitchers After Shoulder Surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_1760\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1760\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1760 \" title=\"verlander\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.brianschiff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/verlander-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"verlander\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.brianschiff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/verlander-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.brianschiff.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/verlander.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1760\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo from Bleacher Report<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p>Shoulder surgery is a big concern for any professional pitcher. \u00a0I am currently rehabbing two MLB pitchers (one from a labral repair and the other from a Tommy John procedure and obviously not JV pictured above). They are doing great so far in their early rehab, but time will tell if they make it back to their pre-injury pitching levels.<\/p>\n<p>Overuse injuries in youth baseball players is always a huge concern I have. \u00a0In fact, I speculate that early wear and tear may contribute to injuries seen down the road in HS, college or the pro ranks. \u00a0I know from coaching and observing that more youth coaches need to familiarize themselves with pitch count guidelines and rest\/recovery recommendations that Little League baseball now endorses.<\/p>\n<p>As a sports physical therapist who sees 12 year-olds with RC problems and torn UCLs and as a father\/coach of a 10 y\/o left-handed pitcher, I have a strong passion and vested interest in the welfare of baseball pitchers. While research does not equate increased injury risk with throwing curveballs and sliders to date per se, both of my MLB clients advise against it until athletes turn 14 or 15.<\/p>\n<p>For \u00a0information on injury prevention and pitching guidelines for youth, check out this website:<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.asmi.org\/research.php?page=research&#038;section=positionStatement<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s blog post focuses on outcomes following surgery for elite pitchers. \u00a0The following information was just published in the Jul\/Aug 2013 edition of Sports Health by Harris et al. based on literature review based on these outcome measures:<\/p>\n<p>Primary = pitcher\u2019s rate of return to sport (RTS) at the same level prior to injury<\/p>\n<p>Secondary = rates of RTS regardless of level, performance upon RTS and clinical outcome scores<\/p>\n<p>\u201cElite\u201d was defined as throwing in at least one game in MLB, minor league (A, AA, or AAA) or all collegiate divisions. \u00a0 Six level I-IV studies were included with enrollment from 1976 &#8211; 2007, and there were 287 elite male pitchers who underwent shoulder surgery with 99% on the dominant throwing shoulder. \u00a0Most pitchers (276) were professional with a mean career length of 6.58 years. \u00a0Post-operative clinical follow-up within these studies was 3.62 years.<\/p>\n<p>Primary diagnoses treated:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>RC tear = 120 (43%)<\/li>\n<li>Internal impingement = 82 (30%)<\/li>\n<li>Labral tear = 74 (27%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Surgical procedures performed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Labral repair (157) or labral debridement (99)<\/li>\n<li>RC repair (29) or debridement (162)<\/li>\n<li>Thermal capsulorrhaphy (63)<\/li>\n<li>Subacromial decompression (42)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The statistics reveal more debridement of the labrum (61%) and rotator cuff (85%) versus repair. \u00a0This is not necessarily surprising given the desire to minimize surgical intervention and loss of motion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Return to Sport Data<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The overall rate of return to sport was low at 68%.<\/li>\n<li>Mean time to return to competitive pitching in a game situation was 12 months (range = 9 -17)<\/li>\n<li>22% of MLB pitchers never pitched again in MLB<\/li>\n<li>Only 14% returned to competitive pitching in the same season as labral surgery<\/li>\n<li>No one returned to competitive pitching in the same season after rotator cuff surgery<\/li>\n<li>Reynolds et al reported a median of 2 seasons of pitching after debridement of partial thickness cuff tears<\/li>\n<li>Mazoue and Andrews reported a mean of 0.7 seasons pitching (range 3 innings to 3 seasons) after mini-open RC repair<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Performance declined for the 3 seasons prior to surgery and then gradually increased for 3 seasons afterward, but generally did not reach pre-injury levels.<\/p>\n<p><!--more-->Challenges with this review include selection bias given that many of the pitchers had concomitant pathology present. Retrospective review only adds to that bias. \u00a0Additionally, performance bias with extraction of public data, transfer bias related to different lengths of clinical and professional follow-up and detection bias attached to different methods of post-op evaluation were also present here. \u00a0All of this was readily acknowledged by the authors.<\/p>\n<p>Despite all that, the information is useful in that it tells us as practitioners we must be on the front lines of injury prevention and arm care to help reduce the # of surgeries. \u00a0Evidence suggests that GIRD, scapular dyskinesia, overuse and proper mechanics all matter.<\/p>\n<p>As therapists, we must address posteroinferior capsular tightness through proper mobilization and stretching. \u00a0I have seen this resolve shoulder and elbow pain in many throwers I have cared for with significant GIRD. \u00a0While I understand the concept of Total Shoulder Motion and the &#8220;pseudolaxity&#8221; in the anterior capsule that accompanies chronic throwing, I do not fall in the camp of those who feel loss of IR is fine as long as total motion or arc is the same side-to-side.<\/p>\n<p>Sleeper stretching is controversial in the rehab ranks, but when used appropriately I have seen it help eradicate pain in many throwers I treat. \u00a0Based on my clinical experience, the risk for internal impingement is too high if GIRD is marked and greater than 10 degrees in most cases. \u00a0I routinely see GIRD of 15-20 degrees in many throwers from age 12 to MLB players. \u00a0My client who I am seeing for Tommy John had shoulder issues the year prior to his UCL injury. \u00a0He rehabbed the shoulder, but then the next year in Spring training his UCL tore. \u00a0Coincidence? \u00a0I think not.<\/p>\n<p>I also worked with an aspiring collegiate catcher last summer who had \u201cdead arm\u201d at the end of his senior year in HS. \u00a0He saw three orthopods. \u00a0Two recommended surgery for a torn labrum. \u00a0The Doc I work with said go to PT &#8211; no labral tear and just need to rehab the shoulder. \u00a0He presented with internal impingement and questionable labral signs on exam. \u00a0He had GIRD greater than 10 degrees. \u00a0I worked extensively on mobilization and posteroinferior capsular stretching along with a RC\/scapular stabilizer exercise program. \u00a0In 4 weeks he was throwing again with no pain, and he went on to play the next year in college without surgery.<\/p>\n<p>So, addressing this tightness and reducing poterosuperior humeral head migration in pitchers will help reduce &#8220;peel back&#8221; stress and moments and likely help decrease labral injuries and internal impingement. \u00a0Teaching the players to continue arm care once the pain resolves is a must if they wish to stay injury free.<\/p>\n<p>In the end, prevention is the goal. \u00a0Teaching proper stretching and strengthening programs will help. \u00a0Educating coaches about pitch counts and rest is a must. \u00a0Finally, we must ensure parents do not allow their children to play for multiple teams and try to minimize\/eliminate the pitch and catch combo as their arm stress s too high and their risk for injuries rises in proportion with the # of throws on the arm.<\/p>\n<p>I look forward to helping as many players as I can avoid surgery. \u00a0In addition, I look forward to doing everything in my power to get my pitchers all the way back to throwing like they know how. \u00a0Part of that is preventing another injury in the future. \u00a0Help me in this prevention effort by educating those around you.<\/p>\n<p>For more info on preventing overuse sports injuries, visit\u00a0http:\/\/www.stopsportsinjuries.org.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23015998\" target=\"_blank\">Click here for another article in Sports Health related to shoulder and elbow surgery<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shoulder surgery is a big concern for any professional pitcher. \u00a0I am currently rehabbing two MLB pitchers (one from a labral repair and the other from a Tommy John procedure and obviously not JV pictured above). They are doing great so far in their early rehab, but time will tell if they make it back [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8,22,36],"tags":[305,307,304,309,165,425,128,306,308],"class_list":["post-1759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-injury-prevention","category-rehab","category-rotator-cuff","category-shoulder","tag-labral-injuries","tag-pitch-counts","tag-pitching-injuries","tag-return-to-sport","tag-rotator-cuff-injuries","tag-shoulder-injuries","tag-shoulder-surgery","tag-throwing-injuries","tag-youth-baseball-injuries"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.10 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Outcomes for Elite Pitchers After Shoulder Surgery - Brian Schiff&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.brianschiff.com\/?p=1759\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Outcomes for Elite Pitchers After Shoulder Surgery - Brian Schiff&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shoulder surgery is a big concern for any professional pitcher. \u00a0I am currently rehabbing two MLB pitchers (one from a labral repair and the other from a Tommy John procedure and obviously not JV pictured above). 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