Brian Schiff’s Blog

One of my favorite tools I use in the gym with my clients is the BOSU.  Admittedly, it is really easy to get carried away with various tools and equipment when training clients or ourselves.  But, the BOSU is awesome if you are into building strong stable shoulders and safeguarding them against injury.

Many people focus on open chain (the hand is free in space) shoulder training, but in overhead athletes such as swimmers, volleyball players and throwers, it is essential to build a solid level of scapular strength to absorb force and enable the shoulder to move freely and effectively generate power.

I routinely include BOSU stability work in the following ways:

1. Dynamic warm-up
2. Core training
3. Upper body work & scapular strengthening

One of my favorite exercises is what I term the “BOSU clock.”  I wrote a column on this exact exercise for PFP Magazine a few months back.

Click here to read more and learn how to use this exercise to improve shoulder stability and reduce pain and/or injury risk related to shoulder instability, rotator cuff pathology and muscular imbalances.

This is just one great way to use the BOSU in your training.  If you are interested in getting your very own BOSU, head on over to my OpenSky Shop and check it out – http://brianschiff.theopenskyproject.com/

It is fairly well accepted in medical/rehab circles that much of the lateral knee pain felt by runners is related to the IT band.  Researchers report that frictional forces are greatest between 20 and 30 degrees of knee flexion (this occurs in the first part of stance phase with running).   But what about the differences in hip and knee kinematics between healthy and injured subjects?

I currently train two competitive female marathoners.  Both are in their thirties.  One has run Boston and the other is training with me to qualify this year (she missed by 36 seconds last year).  Many female runners deal with iliotibial band issues during their training.  My client trying to qualify for Boston has issues on her right side.  My other runner does not.  The client affected by this also has some ankle instability which certainly affects closed chain mechanics.

Historically, researchers have felt increased rear-foot eversion has contributed to such injuries.  Why?  well, increased rear-foot eversion leads to increased tibial internal rotation, and by the ITB’s attachment point distally on the tibia this would in turn increase strain.  In addition, it has been postulated that gluteus medius weakness leads to greater hip adduction moments and undue strain.

One recent prospective study done by Noehren et al. concluded that runners who developed ITBS exhibited increased hip adduction and knee internal rotation angles compared to healthy controls.  Today, I wanted to briefly update you on a study just published in the Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy looking at the running mechanics of those with previous bouts of ITBS and those without.  The study observed 35 healthy female runners and 35 age matched runners (ages 18-45 who run no less than 30K/week) with a history of ITB issues.  They measured:

1. Hip, knee and ankle kinematics
2. Internal moments during stance phase

So, what did the results say?  In a nutshell, the ITBS group did in fact exhibit increased hip adduction angles and peak internal rotation angles at the knee.  There was , however, no significant difference among groups with respect to the rear-foot eversion.  This particular study did not measure hip abductor strength.

As far as limitations to the study, one primary one was the fact that the ITBS group was healthy during the study (meaning they had some time in the past suffered ITBS).  With that said, the results did mirror the prospective study by Noehren.

The practical takeaways for runners and trainers are:

• Prior ITB issues may increase risk for recurrence due to increased strain
• Prior ITB issues indicate atypical hip and knee kinematics may be present
• The rear-foot position may have a lesser role in causation of ITBS
• Addressing hip stability, strength and eccentric control is paramount to injury prevention
• Observing frontal/transverse plane knee mechanics is prudent

In training, I recommmend video analysis or using a mirror independently to observe what I term a single leg hop and stick maneuver.  I teach it to all my cutting and impact athletes.  Simply begin on the left leg and hop forward onto the right and lower down into a lunge type single leg landing position.

Observe the foot/ankle, knee and hip as the body declerates.  This image and sequence of events leaves strong clues about the strength and force dissipation that is or isn’t happening.  Perform at least 3 trials and repeat on the other side.  This evalaution technique then also becomes a training tool to correct imbalances and improve deceleration mechanics – the very essence of the injury problem to begin with.

I routinely have my athletes with assymetrical or atypical kinematics engage in this drill no less than 2-3 times per week.  I have them perform 2-3 sets of 5-10 quality reps on each side (alternate sides).  Focus on preventing the femur from adducting too much or the patella moving inward.  In addition to this drill, obviously include steady glute max and medius work in your programs to help reduce ITBS.  With all that said, happy running!

Well, I just finished day two of the 2nd IYCA Youth Summit.  I attended last year as well.  Each year I took away some new info, reinforcement about what I am currently doing along with motivation to become a better coach.  Yet, the best part of attending these live events is building relationships. 

I have met so many incredible coaches and people.  Whether having breakfast with the likes of Kwame Brown and Carlo Alvarez or chatting with Dave Jack and Chris Mohr, I am reminded that greatness is not about ego or self seeking.  Rather, greatness comes from giving, humility and most importantly “doing the right things” for our clients.

What does this look like in my fitness and sports performance business?  Well, it involves the following:

• Putting 100% of my passion into products, training and consulting
• Assessing the needs, abilities and goals of my clients
• Constantly re-assessing to “tweak” programming and exercise prescription
• Being willing to admit when you are wrong or change the way you do or see things when it is in the best interests of the client
• Continually learning and striving to get better each day
• Delivering results through sound evidenced based training (knowing “why” I do what I do)
• Being honest and dedicated to improving the lives of my clients

So, you may be asking why I am telling you all this.  I have a simple answer.  I want you to trust me and look to me as a credible expert when it comes to corrective exercise, rehab and sports performance.  I also want to assure you it really is the proper application of knowledge that defines success with exercise.  It is an exact science.

The types of exercise, reps, sets and such really do matter.  See what one client recently said about my shoulder rehab program:

I began using your exercises immediately.  In just 6 days I have seen significant change.  I have been able to use my hamd/arm again to wash my hair, close my car door, reach for items and just stop holding it up and against my body.  Today I had a weekly massage (she was formerly a PT) and she was amazed at my progress.  I feel there is hope again.  I know the book cost a fee, but I still want to say thank you for creating an exercise plan that does not include torture.

Wow, torture is never good, right?  Exercise should never be painful – just effective.  If you have not seen significant positive change within 30 days, this should raise a red flag.  So, beware of ultra hype and too good to be true claims, yet understand that you should see some measurable results in a reasonable time frame.  I will always stand behind my programs and products. 

With that said, I will be revealing a series of specific exercises I use with my clients over the next month.  In these posts, I will show you the exercise, explain the applications and reveal the training tools I use to make them work.  The posts will give you real exercises you can use to fix muscular imbalances, improve strength and maximize physical health and performance.  Most importantly, you can rest assured I remain 100% committed to doing things the “right way.” 

Today I have some exciting news to share.  I have recently partnered with OpenSky to make some of my very favorite training and rehab tools available online to you as well.  Essentially, at OpenSky I am able to send my readers to my own personal supply shop. 

In this shop, I will be showcasing products I believe in and use in my daily practice to help my clients achieve peak health and fitness.  For now, I only have three products in my shop, so you are essentially only getting a “sneak peek” as I quickly pull the curtains back for you.

In a few weeks, I will have a grand opening of sorts with many more products to offer.  So, what’s in the shop and how does it relate to me?  Well, today, I wanted to briefly discuss the importance of using a rolling device to facilitate myofascial (soft tissue) release.  Many of you know I run and train runners and athletes of all sports.  One of the most common issues I see (especially in runners) is problems or pain related to trigger points or soft tissue tightness.

How do I solve this?  When I injured my soleus training for the half marathon last fall, I used a roller to resolve pain and tightness before and after each run.  Using a self roller such as the Tiger Tail is very effective in resolving these trigger points and areas of tightness.  You will not be able to enjoy maximal strength and power production in your workouts if these trigger points are interfering or limiting you because of persistent pain.

You would like to think stretching alone would rid you of such issues, but this is just not the case.  Once you effectively relieve the trigger points, the muscle balance is restored and you can get back to 100% again.  So if you or someone you know always complains of tightness or soreness in one calf, hamstring, IT band, etc., this may be just the answer. 

The best part the Tiger Tail is that it is very affordable and easily transportable if you are on the go.  You control the pressure and location of the release.  In just 5-10 minutes you will be on your way to feeling much better.

Be sure to check it out today at my store by clicking here or on one of the images above.  I look forward to sharing more of my favorite training tools in the near future.

Whether you are for or against running, its popularity is likely at an all time high.  People run to lose weight, stay fit, compete or simply escape from the stress of the world.  Unfortunately, running often brings injuries for its participants. 

So, what are the risk factors directly associated with injury?  Researches in the Netherlands recently performed a prospective study with 532 novice runners (306 females and 226 males).  The runners trained for a 4 mile event and were advised to run 3 times per week (Monday, Wednesday and Saturdays) at a comfortable pace.

They were randomized into 8 and 13 week training programs.  There was no difference in findings among the different training groups so they were counted as one for the puprose of the study results.  The results are interesting.  Risk factors for running related injuries (RRI) in males included:

1. Higher BMI
2. Previous injuries – those with previous injuries are 2.6 x more likely to suffer an injury
3. Type of previous sports activities – those participating in axial loading sports were less likely to be injured than those who participated in non axial loading sports (cycling and swimming for instance)

Predictors of RRI in females were:

1. Increased navicular drop – this in turn leads to increased pronation and femoral internal rotation thereby increasing the risk of developing medial tibial stress syndrome

Some hypothesize that limited joint mobility leads to injury with the repetitive nature of running as force is dissipated unevenly along the kinetic chain.  Interestingly enough, lack of range of motion in the ankle and hip were not found to be related to RRI in novice runners.  Type ‘A’ personality influence in terms of pain resistance was also ruled out as contributing to sustaining an injury in this study.

What are the takeaways here? 

• The key thing to see is that males and females have different risk profiles. 
• Males that carry more weight may be comparatively at a greater risk for injury than females. 
• Pronation and proper foot mechanics may be a bigger issue in females as they are much more prone to develop stress fractures
• Further research is needed to better predict female risk factors
• There are several limitations in this study such as: inconsistent training days, different running surfaces, different running speeds/intensity and weather to name a few

In my mind, it also further illustrates the need to fully rehabilitate injuries, prepare the body for events thru smart progressive axial loading and to target the hips with strength and power work in runners to better control femoral internal rotation and reduce ground reaction forces.

For more info, read the full article in the February 2010 edition of the American Journal of Sports Medicine.  Stay tuned this week, as I will review another running research article discussing the impact of slope (hill) running on the body.